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Microbiology by lansing M Prescott 5th edition
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Overview
Prescott, Harley and Klein's 5th edition provides a balanced, comprehensive introduction to all
major areas of microbiology. Because of this balance, Microbiology, 5/e is appropriate for students
preparing for careers in medicine, dentistry, nursing, and allied health, as well as research, teaching,
and industry. Biology and chemistry are prerequisites. The Fifth Edition has been updated
extensively to reflect the latest discoveries in the field
New to This Edition
• Every chapter in the book has been updated to reflect the latest discoveries in microbiology, including
information on genomics, biofilms, mechanisms of toxins, classification, and emerging diseases. The most
extensive revision has occurred in the areas of genetics, microbial ecology, and immunology where material
has been updated and reorganized to allow for easier use.
• New Genomics chapter: Chapter 15. The genetics coverage has been reorganized for clarity and ease of
teaching. The genetics section now ends with a completely new chapter on genomics. New Chapter 28 on
microorganism interactions and microbial ecology!
• Newly developed art program--much of the art is new or revised! It incorporates color and style consistency
throughout so students will easily identify certain topics.
• New critical thinking questions have been added to provide practice in analyzing data, predicting outcomes,
and to teach students how to think logically.
• The general organization of the text has been modified to provide a more logical flow of topics and give
greater emphasis to microbial ecology
Features
• Prescott's textbook contains briefer chapters than most books, but more of them (42). Students will find the
concise chapters more palatable and less intimidating. Short chapters give the instructor the opportunity to fit
the text more closely to the instructor's syllabus. Topic flexibility is allowed.
• There is an outstanding pedagogical system including outlines, concepts, key terms, cross-referencing,
readings, new critical thinking questions, etc., to help students understand difficult material.
PREFACE
Microbiology is an exceptionally broad discipline encompassing specialties as diverse as biochemistry, cell biology,
genetics, taxonomy, pathogenic bacteriology, food and industrial microbiology, and ecology. A microbiologist must
be acquainted with many biological disciplines and with all major groups of microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa.
The key is balance. Students new to the subject need an introduction to the whole before concentrating on those parts of
greatest interest to them. This text provides a balanced introduction to all major areas of microbiology for a variety of students. Because
of this balance, the book is suitable for courses with orientations ranging from basic microbiology to medical and applied microbiology.
Students preparing for careers in medicine, dentistry, nursing, and allied health professions will find the text just as useful as
those aiming for careers in research, teaching, and industry. Two quarters/semesters each of biology and chemistry are assumed, and
an overview of relevant chemistry is also provided in appendix I.
Organization and Approach
The book is organized flexibly so that chapters and topics may be
arranged in almost any order. Each chapter has been made as selfcontained
as possible to promote this flexibility. Some topics are
essential to microbiology and have been given more extensive
treatment.
The book is divided into 11 parts. The first 6 parts introduce the foundations of microbiology:
the development of microbiology, the structure of microorganisms, microbial growth and its control, metabolism,
molecular biology and genetics, DNA technology and genomics, and the nature of viruses. Part Seven is a survey of the microbial
world. In the fifth edition, the bacterial survey closely follows the general organization of the forthcoming second edition
of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Although principal attention is devoted to bacteria, eucaryotic microorganisms receive
more than usual coverage. Fungi, algae, and protozoa are important in their own right. The introduction to their biology in chapters
25–27 is essential to understanding topics as diverse as clinical microbiology and microbial ecology. Part Eight focuses on the relationships
of microorganisms to other organisms and the environment (microbial ecology). It also introduces aquatic and terrestrial
microbiology. Chapter 28 presents the general principles underlying microbial ecology and environmental microbiology so that the subsequent
chapters on aquatic and terrestrial habitats can be used without excessive redundancy. The chapter also describes various types
of microbial interactions such as mutualism, protocooperation, commensalism,and predation that occur in the environment. Parts Nine
and Ten are concerned with pathogenicity, resistance, and disease. The three chapters in Part Nine describe normal microbiota, nonspecific
host resistance, the major aspects of the immune response, and medical immunology. Part Ten first covers such essential topics
as microbial pathogenicity, antimicrobial chemotherapy, and epidemiology. Then chapters 38–40 survey the major human microbial
diseases. The disease survey is primarily organized taxonomically on the chapter level; within each chapter diseases are covered according
to their mode of transmission. This approach provides flexibility and allows the student easy access to information concerning
any disease of interest. The survey is not a simple catalog of diseases; diseases are included because of their medical importance and their
ability to illuminate the basic principles of disease and resistance. Part Eleven concludes the text with an introduction to food and industrial
microbiology. Five appendices aid the student with a review of some basic chemical concepts and with extra information about
important topics not completely covered in the text. This text is designed to be an effective teaching tool. A text
is only as easy for a student to use as it is easy to read. Readability has been enhanced by using a relatively simple, direct writing
style, many section headings, and an organized outline format within each chapter. The level of difficulty has been carefully set
with the target audience in mind. During preparation of the fifth edition, every sentence was carefully checked for clarity and revised
when necessary. The American Society for Microbiology’s ASM Style Manual conventions for nomenclature and abbreviations
have been followed as consistently as possible. The many new terms encountered in studying microbiology
are a major stumbling block for students. This text lessens the problem by addressing and reinforcing a student’s vocabulary development
in three ways: (1) no new term is used without being clearly defined (often derivations also are given)—a student does
not have to be familiar with the terminology of microbiology to use this text; (2) the most important terms are printed in boldface
when first used; and (3) a very extensive, up-to-date, page-referenced glossary is included at the end of the text.
Because illustrations are critical to a student’s learning and enjoyment of microbiology, all illustrations are full-color, and
many excellent color photographs have been used. Color not only enhances the text’s attractiveness but also increases each figure’s
teaching effectiveness. Considerable effort has gone into making the art as attractive and useful as possible. Much of the art in the
fourth edition has been revised and improved for use in the fifth edition. All new line art has been produced under the direct supervision
of an art editor and the authors, and designed to illustrate and reinforce specific points in the text. Consequently every illustration
is directly related to the narrative and specifically cited where appropriate. Great care has been taken to position illustrations
as close as possible to the places where they are cited. Illustrations and captions have been reviewed for accuracy and clarity.
What’s New in the Fifth Edition
Many substantial changes and improvements have been made in the fifth edition, including the following:
1. The general organization of the text has been modified to provide a more logical flow of topics and give greater
emphasis to microbial ecology. Treatment of nucleic acid and protein synthesis has been moved to the genetics chapters to
integrate the discussion of gene structure, replication, expression, and regulation. Recombinant DNA technology
has been moved to a separate section, which also contains a new chapter on microbial genomics. The three-chapter
introduction to microbial ecology now follows the survey of microbial diversity. This places it earlier in the text where
basic principles of microbiology are introduced. Part Nine now contains a description of nonspecific host resistance as
well as an introduction to the fundamentals of immunology. Symbiotic associations are discussed in the context of
microbial ecology. The treatment of microbial pathogenesis has been expanded into a full chapter and placed with other
medical topics in P art Ten.
2. Pedagogical aids have been expanded. A new Critical Thinking Questions section with two or more questions
follows the Questions for Thought and Review. Section numbers have been given to all major chapter sections in
order to make cross references more precise. The summary now contains boldfaced references to tables and figures that
will be useful in reviewing the chapter.
3. New illustrations have been added to almost every chapter. In addition, all figures have been carefully reviewed by our
art editor, and many have been revised to improve their appearance and usefulness.
4. All reference sections have been revised and updated. Besides these broader changes in the text, every chapter has
been updated and often substantially revised.
Some of the more important improvements are the following:
Chapter 1—A box on molecular Koch’s postulates and a new
section on the future of microbiology have been added.
Chapter 2—Differential interference contrast microscopy and
confocal microscopy are described.
Chapter 3—More details on the mechanism of flagellar motion
are provided.
Chapter 5—Phosphate uptake and ABC transporters are
described.
Chapter 6—The chapter has new material on starvation
proteins, growth limitation by environmental factors, viable
but nonculturable procaryotes, and quorum sensing.
Chapter 8—The discussions of metabolic regulation and
control of enzyme activity have been combined with the
introduction to energy and enzymes.
Chapter 9—The metabolic overview has been rewritten to aid
in understanding. The sections on electron transport,
oxidative phosphorylation, and anaerobic respiration have
been updated and expanded.
Chapter 11—The chapter now focuses on nucleic acid and
gene structure, mutations, and DNA repair. New material
on DNA methylation has been added.
Chapter 12—Material on gene expression (transcription and
protein synthesis) has been moved here and combined with
an extensive discussion of the regulation of gene
expression. New sections on global regulatory systems and
two-component phosphorelay systems have been added.
Chapter 15—This new chapter provides a brief introduction to
microbial genomics, including genome sequencing,
bioinformatics, general characteristics of microbial
genomes, and functional genomics.
Chapter 18—Virus taxonomy has been updated and new life
cycle diagrams added.
Chapter 19—Material on polyphasic taxonomy and the effects
of horizontal gene transfer on phylogenetic trees has been
added. The introduction to the second edition of Bergey’s
Manual has been revised and updated.
Chapters 20–24—The procaryotic survey chapters have been
further revised to conform to the forthcoming second
edition of Bergey’s Manual.
Chapter 28—This chapter, formerly chapter 40, has been
substantially rewritten and now includes a treatment of
symbiosis and microbial interactions (e.g., mutualism,
protocooperation, commensalism, predation, amensalism,
competition, etc.). A discussion of microbial movement
between ecosystems has been added, and the treatment of
biofilms and microbial mats has been expanded.
Chapter 29—The chapter on microorganisms in aquatic
environments has new material on such topics as oxygen
fluxes in water, the microbial loop, Thiomargarita
namibiensis, microorganisms in freshwater ice, and current
drinking water standards.
Chapter 30—Microorganisms in cold moist area soils, desert soils,
and geologically heated hyperthermal soils are discussed. The
effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and atmospheric gases on
plants and soils are described more extensively. There is a new
section on the subsurface biosphere.
Chapter 31—This reorganized chapter discusses normal
microbiota and nonspecific resistance. An overview of host
resistance; a discussion of the cells, tissues, and organs of
the immune system; an introduction to the alternative and
lectin complement pathways; and a summary of cytokine
properties and functions have been included.
Chapter 32—All aspects of specific immunity have been
moved to this chapter in order to provide a clearer and more
coherent discussion. The chapter contains an overview of
specific immunity, a discussion of antigens and antibodies,
T-cell and B-cell biology , a discussion of the action of
antibodies, the classical complement pathway, and a section
on acquired immune tolerance. It ends with a summary of
the role of antibodies and lymphocytes in resistance.
Chapter 33—The new chapter on medical immunology contains
topics more directly related to the practical aspects of health
and clinical microbiology: vaccines and immunizations,
immune disorders, and in vitro antigen-antibody interactions.
Previously these were scattered over three chapters. The
treatment of vaccines has been greatly expanded.
Chapter 34—The treatment of microbial pathogenicity has
been greatly enlarged and made into a separate chapter.
Several topics have been expanded or added: regulation of
bacterial virulence factors and pathogenicity islands, the
mechanisms of exotoxin action, and microbial mechanisms
for escaping host defenses.
Chapter 37—In the epidemiology chapter, the treatment of
emerging diseases has been expanded. New sections on
bioterrorism and the effect of global travel on health have
been added.
Chapters 38–40—The disease survey chapters have been
brought up-to-date, and bacterial diseases are now covered in
one chapter rather than two. New material has been added on
genital herpes, listeriosis, the use of clostridial toxins in
therapy, and other topics. A new table describing common
sexually transmitted diseases and their treatment is provided.
Chapter 41—New aspects of food microbiology include
discussions of modified atmosphere packaging, algal
toxins, bacteriocins as preservatives, new variant
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, food poisoning by uncooked
foods, new techniques in tracing outbreaks of food-related
diseases, and the use of probiotics in the diet.
Chapter 42—The chapter on industrial microbiology and
biotechnology has been revised to include current advances
due to new molecular techniques. A section on developing
and choosing microorganisms for use in industry has been
added. Other topics that have been added or substantially
revised include the synthesis of products for medical use,
biodegradation of pesticides and other pollutants, the
addition of microorganisms to the environment, and the use
of microarray technology.
ISBN: 0-07-282905-2
Description: ©2002
Publication Date: October 2002
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