Surveying the Skies - How Astronomers Map the Universe (gnv64)

Surveying the Skies: How Astronomers Map the Universe
by Gareth Wynn-Williams
Springer | June 2016 | ISBN-10: 3319285084 | 195 pages | True PDF | 13.77 mb
https://www.amazon.com/Surveying-Skies-How-Astronomers-Universe/dp/3319285084
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319285085

Understand the technology breakthroughs that led directly to major discoveries
Discover how the sky would look if you had infrared or X-ray sensitive eyes!

Since the time of Galileo, astronomy has been driven by technological innovation. With each major advance has come the opportunity and enthusiasm to survey the sky in a way that was not possible before. It is these surveys of discovery that are the subject of this book.
In the first few chapters the author discusses what astronomers learned from visible-light surveys, first with the naked eye, then using telescopes in the seventeenth century, and photography in the nineteenth century. He then moves to the second half of the twentieth century when the skies started to be swept by radio, infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray telescopes, many of which had to be flown in satellites above the Earth’s atmosphere. These surveys led to the discovery of pulsars, quasars, molecular clouds, protostars, bursters, and black holes.
He then returns to Earth to describe several currently active large-scale projects that methodically collect images, photometry and spectra that are then stored in vast publicly-accessible databases. Dr. Wynn-Williams also describes several recent “microsurveys” – detailed studies of small patches of sky that have led to major advances in our understanding of cosmology and exoplanets.

About the Author
Born in London, Gareth Wynn-Williams received his BA and PhD degrees in physics from the University of Cambridge, specializing in radio astronomy. He then switched wavelength to spend two years doing postdoctoral research with the infrared astronomy group at Caltech. He held a faculty teaching position at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge University for five years before taking up a professorship at the University of Hawaii in 1978, where he remained until he retired in 2012. His research focus throughout his career has been interstellar matter in the Milky Way and in other galaxies.

CONTENTS
1 Introduction . . . . . 1
2 The Naked Eye Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 The Telescope Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5 Radio Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6 Infrared Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
7 The Cosmic Microwave Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
8 Ultraviolet Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
9 X-ray Surveys . . . . . . . . . . 105
10 Gamma Ray Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
11 Space Astrometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
12 The CCD Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
13 Microsurveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
14 Accessing Astronomy Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
A.1 Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
A.2 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
A.3 Wavelength and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
A.4 Diffraction Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
A.5 Precession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
A.6 Stellar Magnitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
A.7 Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
A.8 Interstellar Extinction and Reddening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
A.9 Radiation, Temperature, and Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
A.10 Redshift-Age Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
A.11 Determining the Properties of an Exoplanet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

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